Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA)

An immune response to proteins in cow's milk, distinct from lactose intolerance. May be IgE-mediated (rapid, can include anaphylaxis) or non-IgE (delayed, often presenting as eczema, bloody stools, or feeding refusal in infants). Most children outgrow it by school age. Diagnosis and management require pediatric allergy or GI input.